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Zidovudine
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DRUG INFO
Zidovudine
Drug Name:
Zidovudine
Indication: For the treatment of Human immunovirus (HIV) infections
Pharmacology: Zidovudine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with activity against Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1). Zidovudine is phosphorylated to active metabolites that compete for incorporation into viral DNA. They inhibit the HIV reverse transcriptase enzyme competitively and act as a chain terminator of DNA synthesis. The lack of a 3'-OH group in the incorporated nucleoside analogue prevents the formation of the 5' to 3' phosphodiester linkage essential for DNA chain elongation, and therefore, the viral DNA growth is terminated.
Mechanism Of Action: Zidovudine, a structural analog of thymidine, inhibits the activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) both by competing with the natural substrate dGTP and by its incorporation into viral DNA.
Drug Category: Anti-HIV Agents; Antimetabolites; Nucleoside and Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; ATC:J05AF01
Brand Names/Synonyms: AZT; Apo-Zidovudine; Azidothymidine; Aztec; Combivir; Compound S; Novo-Azt; Retrovir; Trizivir; ZIDOVUDINE EP III; Zidovudine
Dosage Forms: CAPSULE; LIQUID; SYRUP; TABLET
Absorption: Rapid and alomost complete absorption from the gastrointestinal tract.
Interactions: Interactions for Zidovudine:
Antiretroviral Agents: Concomitant use of zidovudine with stavudine should be avoided since an antagonistic relationship has been demonstrated in vitro.
Some nucleoside analogues affecting DNA replication, such as ribavirin, antagonize the in vitro antiviral activity of Zidovudine against HIV; concomitant use of such drugs should be avoided.
Doxorubicin: Concomitant use of zidovudine with doxorubicin should be avoided since an antagonistic relationship has been demonstrated in vitro.
Phenytoin: Phenytoin plasma levels have been reported to be low in some patients receiving Zidovudine, while in one case a high level was documented. However, in a pharmacokinetic interaction study in which 12 HIV-positive volunteers received a single 300-mg phenytoin dose alone and during steady-state zidovudine conditions (200 mg every 4 hours), no change in phenytoin kinetics was observed. Although not designed to optimally assess the effect of phenytoin on zidovudine kinetics, a 30% decrease in oral zidovudine clearance was observed with phenytoin.
Overlapping Toxicities: Coadministration of ganciclovir, interferon-alpha, and other bone marrow suppressive or cytotoxic agents may increase the hematologic toxicity of zidovudine.
Chemical IUPAC Name: 1-[4-azido-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione
Chemical Formula: C10H13N5O4
Half Life: 0.5-3 hours
Drug Type: Approved Drug
# Accession No: APRD00449
CAS Registry Number: 30516-87-1
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Zidovudine News
(When available)
ICAAC: Switch from AZT or d4T to tenofovir may improve blood fat ... Jan 13, 2006
Aidsmap, Patients switching from anti-HIV drug regimens containing AZT (zidovudine, Retrovir) or d4T (stavudine, Zerit) may show better improvements in blood fat levels ...
ICAAC: No added benefit from adding AZT to nevirapine to prevent ... Dec 18, 2005
Aidsmap, Adding a short course of AZT (zidovudine, Retrovir) to nevirapine (Viramune) therapy does not reduce the rate of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, according ...
Limb gat gains lower when switching from AZT to abacavir or ... Dec 15, 2005
Aidsmap, People switching from AZT- (zidovudine, Retrovir) containing anti-HIV regimens to either tenofovir- (Viread) or abacavir- (Ziagen) containing regimens are ...
Switching from AZT results in only slight reversal of lipoatrophy Dec 30, 2005
The Advocate, HIV-positive adults experiencing fat loss from their limbs experience a slight reversal of lipoatrophy when switching from AZT to either Viread or Ziagen ...
Last Updated on 00:19 AZT- 23 December 2005 Dec 23, 2005
Baku Today, At the Milli Mejlis next meeting on 23 December 2005, 19 draft laws have been put on discussion and passed. The widest discussions ...
Clinton Foundation secures price cuts for efavirenz, abacavir and ... Jan 13, 2006
Aidsmap, Abacavir is now considered preferable to AZT or d4T in first-line treatment in the UK, for example, because it is not associated with disfiguring fat loss ...
HIV Team Leader Leaves for UK Jan 9, 2006
AllAfrica.com, Abdullah and his team helped pilot treatment of HIV-positive pregnant women with the drug AZT, to help prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV. ...
ICAAC: Switching from Combivir to Truvada has benefits for ... Jan 11, 2006
Aidsmap, Switching fromTruvada (tenofovir and FTC) to Combivir (AZT and 3TC) increases the chances of a patient achieving a viral load below 50 copies/ml, according to ...
Researchers uncover direct evidence on how HIV invades healthy ... Dec 21, 2005
PhysOrg.com, Drugs such as AZT and drug combinations (cocktails) exist to inhibit reverse transcriptase and protease. As of yet, there are no drugs to counter integrase. ...
Premature to say atazanavir not linked to fat loss, says ... Dec 12, 2005
Aidsmap, ...naïve patients over 48 weeks. All participants received a nucleoside analogue backbone of AZT/3TC. The study showed modest increases ...
ICAAC: Pilot study shows dual protease inhibitor regimen as safe ... Jan 4, 2006
Aidsmap, ...inhibitor class (Kaletra and hard gel saquinavir) or a more traditional antiretroviral regimen which included Kaletra and two nucleoside analogues, AZT and 3TC ...
AHF Asks Medi-Cal to Place Restrictions on Glaxo AIDS Drug ... Jan 5, 2006
Yahoo! News (press release) In March 2003, the NIH suspended part of a three-arm, two-year government sponsored AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study (ACTG 5095) comparing AZT+3TC+abacavir ...
Emergency contraception: As health care professionals, can ... Jan 5, 2006
People's Weekly World For example, what would prevent a pharmacist from refusing to dispense AZT, the drug used to treat AIDS patients, on the grounds that the patient may be a ...
Molecular Mechanism Of HIV Infecting The Healthy Cells Discovered. Dec 22, 2005
MedIndia, There are various drugs like AZT and other combination drugs to inhibit Reverse Transcriptase and Protease proteins but no single drug to act on Integrase. ...
IP Year In Review - Patents Dec 21, 2005
Mondaq News Alerts, The doctrine of sound prediction was set out by the Supreme Court of Canada in Apotex v. Wellcome Foundation (see also AZT is Finally Immune, Blakes Bulletin ...
WHY ARE GOLD-HEDGERS 'WINNING'? Dec 30, 2005
Free Market News Network, ...supposedly hampered in their profit margins by the fact that they had sold a considerable amount of their future production forward (at prices azt prices so low ...
Honorary doctorate for city HIV pioneer Dec 14, 2005
Cape Argus (subscription), ...government, Abdullah and his team introduced a policy here to pilot the treatment of HIV-positive pregnant women with the antiretroviral drug AZT, to help ...
ICAAC: Switching from Combivir to Truvada has benefits for ... Jan 11, 2006
Aidsmap, Switching fromTruvada (tenofovir and FTC) to Combivir (AZT and 3TC) increases the chances of a patient achieving a viral load below 50 copies/ml, according to ...
Gilead's Truvada Seen Driving Switchers From Combivir Dec 19, 2005
Forbes ...people ) after data from the COMET (Combination of Efavirenz and Truvada) trial presented a compelling argument for switching to Truvada from Combivir for HIV. ...
AIDS prevention treatment uneven Jan 12, 2006
Toronto Star, The treatment regimen — using commonly prescribed combinations of anti-AIDS drugs known as Combivir and Kaletra — costs about $1,200 for a round of therapy ...
AHF Asks Medi-Cal to Place Restrictions on Glaxo AIDS Drug ... Jan 5, 2006
PR Newswire (press release), Trials Group Study (ACTG 5095) comparing AZT+3TC+abacavir (the components of Trizivir) to other regimens (Trizivir + Sustiva and Combivir + Sustiva) when early ...
Bristol-Myers Squibb and Gilead Announce Data Supporting ... Jan 9, 2006
Finanzen.net, Truvada should not be used with Emtriva or Viread, or other drugscontaining lamivudine, including Combivir(R), Epivir(R),Epivir-HBV(R), Epzicom(TM) or Trizivir ...
Companies Anticipate Filing New Drug Application in Second Quarter ... Jan 9, 2006
Nieuwsbank (persbericht), Truvada should not be used with Emtriva or Viread, or other drugs containing lamivudine, including Combivir®, Epivir®, Epivir-HBV®, Epzicom or Trizivir®. ...
ICAAC: Early trials involving new GSK protease inhibitor have ... Dec 19, 2005
Aidsmap, ...against both resistant and sensitive virus, and is generally well tolerated when boosted by ritonavir and used in combination with Combivir, according to a 24 ...
Government drags its feet on patents for AIDS drugs Dec 26, 2005
Newindpress, The ARVs whose patents are awaiting include Abacavir, Combivir, Trizivir, Kaletra, Lexiva and Efavirenz. Combivir is a triple cocktail ...
ICAAC: Switch from AZT or d4T to tenofovir may improve blood fat ... Jan 13, 2006
Aidsmap, Patients switching from anti-HIV drug regimens containing AZT (zidovudine, Retrovir) or d4T (stavudine, Zerit) may show better improvements in blood fat levels ...
ICAAC: No added benefit from adding AZT to nevirapine to prevent ... Dec 18, 2005
Aidsmap, Adding a short course of AZT (zidovudine, Retrovir) to nevirapine (Viramune) therapy does not reduce the rate of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, according ...
Co-Administration of Combination Tablet and Tenofovir Elucidates ... Dec 22, 2005
DG News The combination tablet Trizivir contains 300 mg of abacavir (Ziagen), 300 mg of zidovudine (Retrovir), and 150 mg of lamivudine (Epivir). ...
Combination HIV Drug Trizivir, Along with Tenofovir, Well ... Dec 22, 2005
DG News ...therapy regimen may be able to manage their disease with a once-daily regimen that includes one tablet combining three antiretrovirals (Trizivir) and one ...
AHF Asks Medi-Cal to Place Restrictions on Glaxo AIDS Drug ... Jan 5, 2006
PR Newswire (press release), After Recent NIH Study Proves Trizivir's Ineffectiveness, Nation's Largest AIDS Group Sends Letter to Medi-Cal Requesting Prior Authorization Status for Drug ...
AHF Asks Medi-Cal to Place Restrictions on Glaxo AIDS Drug ... Jan 5, 2006
Yahoo! News (press release) 5 /PRNewswire/ -- Following the results of a recent government study that questioned the efficacy of GlaxoSmithKline's (GSK) AIDS drug, Trizivir, a three drug ...
Co-Administration of Combination Tablet and Tenofovir Elucidates ... Dec 22, 2005
DG News WASHINGTON, DC -- December 22, 2005 -- When HIV develops resistance to the combination antiretroviral drug Trizivir (zidovudine + lamivudine + abacavir) and ...
Bristol-Myers Squibb and Gilead Announce Data Supporting ... Jan 9, 2006
Finanzen.net, ...should not be used with Emtriva or Viread, or other drugscontaining lamivudine, including Combivir(R), Epivir(R),Epivir-HBV(R), Epzicom(TM) or Trizivir(R). Two ...
Companies Anticipate Filing New Drug Application in Second Quarter ... Jan 9, 2006
Nieuwsbank (persbericht), Truvada should not be used with Emtriva or Viread, or other drugs containing lamivudine, including Combivir®, Epivir®, Epivir-HBV®, Epzicom or Trizivir®. ...
(PRN) - Philadelphia Tribune Releases Annual List of ... Jan 5, 2006
Bolsamania.com, Affairs and Quality ... [+. PRN) - AHF Asks Medi-Cal to Place Restrictions on Glaxo AIDS Drug Trizivir ... [+. PRN) - Nuvelo to ...
(PRN) - R&G Financial Announces Certain Actions Taken in ... Jan 5, 2006
Bolsamania.com, President, Regulatory Affairs and Quality ... [+. PRN) - AHF Asks Medi-Cal to Place Restrictions on Glaxo AIDS Drug Trizivir ... [+.
Government drags its feet on patents for AIDS drugs Dec 26, 2005
Newindpress, ...any objections. The ARVs whose patents are awaiting include Abacavir, Combivir, Trizivir, Kaletra, Lexiva and Efavirenz. Combivir ...
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