Indication: For the treatment of radiation-induced dry mouth (xerostomia) and symptoms of dry mouth in patients with Sjögrens syndrome
Pharmacology: Pilocarpine is a choline ester miotic and a positively charged quaternary ammonium compound. Pilocarpine, in appropriate dosage, can increase secretion by the exocrine glands. The sweat, salivary, lacrimal, gastric, pancreatic, and intestinal glands and the mucous cells of the respiratory tract may be stimulated. When applied topically to the eye as a single dose it causes miosis, spasm of accommodation, and may cause a transitory rise in intraocular pressure followed by a more persistent fall. Dose-related smooth muscle stimulation of the intestinal tract may cause increased tone, increased motility, spasm, and tenesmus. Bronchial smooth muscle tone may increase. The tone and motility of urinary tract, gallbladder, and biliary duct smooth muscle may be enhanced. Pilocarpine may have paradoxical effects on the cardiovascular system. The expected effect of a muscarinic agonist is vasodepression, but administration of pilocarpine may produce hypertension after a brief episode of hypotension. Bradycardia and tachycardia have both been reported with use of pilocarpine.
Mechanism Of Action: Pilocarpine is a cholinergic parasympathomimetic agent. It increase secretion by the exocrine glands, and produces contraction of the iris sphincter muscle and ciliary muscle (when given topically to the eyes) by mainly stimulating muscarinic receptors.
Drug Category: Cholinergic Agents; Muscarinic Agonists; Miotics; ATC:N07AX01; ATC:S01EB01
Absorption: There was a decrease in the rate of absorption of pilocarpine from SALAGEN Tablets when taken with a high fat meal by 12 healthy male volunteers
Interactions:
DrugBank: Interactions for Pilocarpine
Interactions for Pilocarpine:
Pilocarpine should be administered with caution to patients taking beta adrenergic antagonists because of the
possibility of conduction disturbances. Drugs with parasympathomimetic effects administered concurrently with
pilocarpine would be expected to result in additive pharmacologic effects. Pilocarpine might antagonize the
anticholinergic effects of drugs used concomitantly. These effects should be considered when anticholinergic
properties may be contributing to the therapeutic effect of concomitant medication (e.g., atropine, inhaled
ipratropium).
While no formal drug interaction studies have been performed, the following concomitant drugs were used in at
least 10% of patients in either or both Sjögrens efficacy studies: acetylsalicylic acid, artificial tears,
calcium, conjugated estrogens, hydroxychloroquine sulfate, ibuprofen, levothyroxine sodium, medroxyprogesterone
acetate, methotrexate, multivitamins, naproxen, omeprazole, paracetamol, and prednisone.
Chemical IUPAC Name: 3-ethyl-4-[(3-methylimidazol-4-yl)methyl]oxolan-2-one
Chemical Formula: C11H16N2O2
Half Life: 0.76 hours
Drug Type: Approved Drug
# Accession No: APRD00382
CAS Registry Number: 54-71-7
Pilocarpine News (When available)
2 more toddlers get support from German karate studesDec 30, 2005 Sun.Star, ...some P16,000 to complete the treatment course of four other baby patients at the BGHMC - Earldesten Medrano, Sharmaine Langawen, Dianne Kay Pilagan and Abegail ...
Dacawi: Christmas and the art of karateDec 26, 2005 Sun.Star, ...one very severe--Earldesten Medrano of Wangal, La Trinidad, Benguet; Sharmaine Langawen of Yagyagan, Tuba, Benguet; and Dianne Kay Pilagan of Mankayan, Benguet ...
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