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Hydroxyurea
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DRUG INFO
Hydroxyurea
Drug Name:
Hydroxyurea
Indication: For management of melanoma, resistant chronic myelocytic leukemia, and recurrent, metastatic, or inoperable carcinoma of the ovary and Sickle-cell anemia
Pharmacology: Hydroxyurea has dose-dependent synergistic activity with cisplatin in vitro. in vivo Hydroxyurea showed activity in combination with cisplatin against the LX-1 and CALU-6 human lung xenografts, but minimal activity was seen with the NCI-H460 or NCI-H520 xenografts. Hydroxyurea was synergistic with cisplatin in the Lewis lung murine xenograft. Sequential exposure to Hydroxyurea 4 hours before cisplatin produced the greatest interaction.
Mechanism Of Action: Hydroxyurea is converted to a free radical nitroxide (NO) in vivo, and transported by diffusion into cells where it quenches the tyrosyl free radical at the active site of the M2 protein subunit of ribonucleotide reductase, inactivating the enzyme. The entire replicase complex, including ribonucleotide reductase, is inactivated and DNA synthesis is selectively inhibited, producing cell death in S phase and synchronization of the fraction of cells that survive. Repair of DNA damaged by chemicals or irradiation is also inhibited by hydroxyurea, offering potential synergy between hydroxyurea and radiation or alkylating agents. Hydroxyurea also increases the level of fetal hemoglobin, leading to a reduction in the incidence of vasoocclusive crises in sickle cell anemia. Levels of fetal hemoglobin increase in response to activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) by hydroxyurea-derived NO.
Drug Category: Antisickling Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; ATC:L01A
Brand Names/Synonyms: Biosupressin; CCRIS 958; Carbamohydroxamic Acid; Carbamohydroximic Acid; Carbamohydroxyamic Acid; Carbamoyl Oxime; Carbamyl Hydroxamate; DRG-0253; Droxia; HU; Hidrix; Hydrea; Hydreia; Hydroxicarbamidum; Hydroxycarbamide; Hydroxycarbamine; Hydroxylurea; Hydroxyurea; Hydura; Hydurea; Idrossicarbamide [Dcit]; Litaler; Litalir; N-Carbamoylhydroxylamine; N-Hydroxyurea; Onco-Carbide; Oxyurea; SQ 1089; Sterile Urea; Ureaphil
Dosage Forms: CAPSULE
Absorption: Well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.
Interactions:
DrugBank: Interactions for Hydroxyurea
Interactions for Hydroxyurea:
Prospective studies on the potential for hydroxyurea to interact with other drugs have not been
performed.
Concurrent use of hydroxyurea and other myelosuppressive agents or radiation therapy may increase the
likelihood of bone marrow depression or other adverse events.
Since hydroxyurea may raise the serum uric acid level, dosage adjustment of uricosuric medication may
be necessary.
Chemical IUPAC Name: hydroxyaminomethanamide
Chemical Formula: CH4N2O2
Half Life: 3-4 hours
Drug Type: Approved Drug
# Accession No: APRD00023
CAS Registry Number: 127-07-1
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Hydroxyurea News
(When available)
A few facts about sickle cell anemia Jan 2, 2006
Alameda Times-Star, Hydroxyurea (Hydrea) was found to help some patients by reducing the frequency of painful crises and episodes of acute chest syndrome and decreasing the need ...
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